1 Samuel 21:12

Authorized King James Version

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And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

Original Language Analysis

וַיָּ֧שֶׂם laid up H7760
וַיָּ֧שֶׂם laid up
Strong's: H7760
Word #: 1 of 12
to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
דָּוִ֛ד And David H1732
דָּוִ֛ד And David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 12
david, the youngest son of jesse
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 3 of 12
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
הַדְּבָרִ֥ים these words H1697
הַדְּבָרִ֥ים these words
Strong's: H1697
Word #: 4 of 12
a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
הָאֵ֖לֶּה H428
הָאֵ֖לֶּה
Strong's: H428
Word #: 5 of 12
these or those
בִּלְבָב֑וֹ in his heart H3824
בִּלְבָב֑וֹ in his heart
Strong's: H3824
Word #: 6 of 12
the heart (as the most interior organ)
וַיִּרָ֣א afraid H3372
וַיִּרָ֣א afraid
Strong's: H3372
Word #: 7 of 12
to fear; morally to revere; causatively to frighten
מְאֹ֔ד and was sore H3966
מְאֹ֔ד and was sore
Strong's: H3966
Word #: 8 of 12
properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or
מִפְּנֵ֖י of H6440
מִפְּנֵ֖י of
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 9 of 12
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
אָכִ֥ישׁ Achish H397
אָכִ֥ישׁ Achish
Strong's: H397
Word #: 10 of 12
akish, a philistine king
מֶֽלֶךְ the king H4428
מֶֽלֶךְ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 11 of 12
a king
גַּֽת׃ of Gath H1661
גַּֽת׃ of Gath
Strong's: H1661
Word #: 12 of 12
gath, a philistine city

Analysis & Commentary

And David laid up these words in his heart, and was sore afraid of Achish the king of Gath.

The Hebrew phrase 'vayasem et-haddevarim' (laid up these words) indicates David carefully considered the implications of what he heard. His fear intensified—'vayira me'od' (was exceedingly afraid). This internal response contrasts sharply with the David who faced Goliath without trembling. The difference reveals that circumstances, exhaustion, and isolation can erode even courageous faith. David's fear was rational—he had entered enemy territory carrying their champion's weapon. Yet his response would demonstrate that faith can coexist with fear, and that God's servants sometimes find deliverance through unconventional means. Psalm 56 records his prayer during this terrifying time.

Historical Context

David's decision to flee to Gath may have assumed that enemies of his enemy (Saul) might become allies. This calculation failed because his reputation preceded him. Ancient Near Eastern kings frequently executed enemy champions to prevent future threats.

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